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Authors
Elstner, Matthias
Jarius, Sven
Wildemann, Brigitte
Drüschler, Katharina
Borowski, Kathrin
Teegen, Bianca
Bien, Corinna
Nagel, Janek
Kleffner, Ilka
Höltje, Markus
Haas, Jürgen
Ruprecht, Klemens
Müller, Yvonne
Radzimski, Christiane
Komorowski, Lars
Miske, Ramona
Scharf, Madeleine
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medizinische Fakultät Heidelberg der Universität Heidelberg
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Article History
Received: 14 December 2025
Accepted: 26 March 2026
First Online: 27 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Patients or, in the case of the deceased patient, next of kin gave written informed consent for publication. Antibody tests were performed as part of routine diagnostic workup and in the context of a study approved by the review board of the Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg (NEUROAUTOIMMUN-BIOMARKER-STUDIE S-598/2024).
Consent for publication: The patients or, in the case of the deceased patient, next of kin gave written informed consent for publication.
Competing interests: M.E. reports no conflicts of interest. S.J. reports no conflicts of interest. B.W. has received grants from the German Ministry of Education and Research, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Science, Research and Arts, Dietmar Hopp Stiftung, Klaus Tschira Stiftung, Argenx, Novartis, and Roche; and personal fees from Alexion, Argenx, INSTAND, Neuraxpharm, and Roche.
