Crossmark

From parasite-induced immune activation to neuroinflammation and behavioral dysfunction: convergent mechanisms across protozoa and helminths: a review

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-026-03804-4

Published Online: 2026-04-17

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Sadek, Al- Shaimaa Mohsen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1631-8606
Mahmoud, Reem Hamada https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2514-5587
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Al-Azhar University
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-04-17

Version of Record valid from 2026-04-17
More Information

Article History

Received: 3 January 2026

Accepted: 1 April 2026

First Online: 17 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

Document is current

Any future updates will be listed below