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Authors
Yue, John K.
Fu, Allen Y.
Jain, Sonia
Puccio, Ava M.
Eagle, Shawn R.
Korley, Frederick K.
van Essen, Thomas A.
Samanta, Romit
Li, Lucia M.
Roberts, Christopher J.
Caldwell, David J.
Elguindy, Mahmoud M.
Vassar, Mary J.
Belton, Patrick J.
Bhattacharyay, Shubhayu
Nelson, Lindsay D.
Tracey, Joye X.
Etemad, Leila L.
Gotthardt, Christine J.
Satris, Gabriela G.
Wang, Maxwell B.
Demos, Catherine
Sigal, George B.
Amorim, Edilberto
Madhok, Debbie Y.
Radabaugh, Hannah L.
Ferguson, Adam R.
Markowitz, Amy J.
Robertson, Claudia S.
Valadka, Alex B.
Mukherjee, Pratik
Yuh, Esther L.
McCrea, Michael A.
Hinson, H. E.
Schneider, Andrea L. C.
Sun, Xiaoying
Okonkwo, David O.
Kobeissy, Firas H.
Manley, Geoffrey T.
Diaz-Arrastia, Ramon
Wang, Kevin K. W.
,
Brophy, Gretchen M.
Chesnut, Randall M.
Duhaime, Ann-Christine
Fabian, Brian
Foreman, Brandon
Giacino, Joseph T.
Gorham, Taron
Grandhi, Ramesh
Huie, J. Russell
Jha, Ruchira M.
Krishnamoorthy, Vijay
Lingsma, Hester F.
Mac Donald, Christine L.
Mannix, Rebekah
Martell, Diego
Menon, David K.
Merchant, Randall
Neely, Caroline
Ngwenya, Laura B.
Padmanabhan, Nikhil
Park, Kathryn S.
Rodgers, Richard B.
Schnyer, David M.
Stein, Murray B.
Taylor, Sabrina R.
Temkin, Nancy R.
Tran, Theodore T.
Wohlstadter, Jacob N.
Zafonte, Ross D.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Neurosurgery Research and Education Foundation (UCSF Award #A139203)
Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco (Award #7032446; Project ID #7032139)
Congress of Neurological Surgeons (UCSF Proposal ID #P0594482)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (#RC2NS069409; #U01NS086090; #U01NS1365885)
U.S. Department of Defense (#W81XWH-13-1-0441; #W81XWH-14-2-0176; #W81XWH-18-2-0042)
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Article History
Received: 4 December 2025
Accepted: 23 May 2026
First Online: 28 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The TRACK-TBI Study was approved by the institutional review board (IRB) at each of the 18 participating Level 1 trauma centers. Written consent for participation was obtained from each subject or their legally authorized representatives before study enrollment.
: Written consent for publication was obtained from each subject or their legally authorized representatives prior to study enrollment. No identifying information for any individual subject is included in this manuscript.
: Catherine Demos and George B. Sigal are employed by Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
