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Article History

Received: 9 June 2024

Accepted: 26 August 2024

First Online: 8 October 2024

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Ethical approvals were obtained from the Ethical Committee of the Graduate School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University (Approval No.: NU_TMGH_2022_233_1), and the Maseno University Scientific and Ethics Review Committee (MUSERC) (Reference No.: MSU/DRPI/MUSERC/01183/22). A research license was also obtained from the National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI) (License NO.: NACOSTI/P/23/24181). Additional approvals were obtained from the Ministry of Interior and National Administration, Ministry of Education (MOE), and Ministry of Health (MOH) at Kericho County. Before starting each discussion or interview, the study objectives, methods, and volunteerism were explained in English, Kiswahili, or Kipsigis, which is the local language at the study site, according to participant’ preference. After that, informed consent or assent was obtained. For those under 18 years of age, the CHV, village chief, or nurse in charge obtained agreement from the parents or guardians and authorization to sign the informed consent form on their behalf owing to the geographic accessibility of each household.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.