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Article History

Received: 4 August 2023

Accepted: 12 December 2024

First Online: 5 March 2025

Declarations

:

: We did not seek ethical clearance for the study since the 2022 GDHS dataset is already available in the public domain. However, permission was sought from the Monitoring and Evaluation to Assess and Use Results Demographic and Health Surveys (MEASURE DHS) before using the dataset. Detailed information about the DHS data usage and ethical standards is available at .

: Not applicable.

: BOA is a deputy editor. The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.