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Article History

Received: 5 June 2023

Accepted: 10 April 2025

First Online: 30 April 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted following the declaration of Helsinki where ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Health Research Ethics Review Committee (IHRERC) of Haramaya University College of Health and Medical Sciences. An official letter was given to the Dire Dawa education bureau and a letter was sent to sample selected schools before data collection was started. Informed, voluntary written and signed consent was obtained from each participant who were 18 years old and above. For minors (less than 18 years of age) informed, voluntary written and signed consent was obtained and given to selected students to sign their family or guardians and asked them to bring on the next day then the data were collected. Confidentiality of the study participant’s information was ensured throughout data collection.

: Study participants/guardians agreed publication of aggregate data.

: The authors declare no competing interests.