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Article History

Received: 4 February 2025

Accepted: 12 April 2025

First Online: 7 May 2025

Declarations

:

: Ipsos panels are part of research institutions that adhere to industry standards and regulations, such as those set by the South African Market Research Association, the European Society for Opinion and Market Research, the Protection of Personal Information Act in South Africa, the Market Research Society, and the General Data Protection Regulation. Additionally, since Ipsos operates as a market research firm and panel surveys are opt-in (respondents voluntarily choose to participate after reviewing the data privacy policy and confidentiality procedures), Ipsos and its entities are not required to obtain ethical approval. However, for any study involving human participants, ethical approval is necessary. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and ethics approval was granted by the Human Research Ethics Committee (Non-Medical) at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa (H21/06/36). All participants were thoroughly informed about the study’s objectives, and informed consent was obtained from each respondent.

: All authors were responsible for revising the manuscript and approved the submitted version.

: The authors declare no competing interests.