Damtew, Solomon Abrha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-7348
Demissie, Tariku Dejene https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8626-1305
Seme, Assefa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9667-4859
Atnafu, Niguse Tadele https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3765-3617
Fantaye, Fitsum Tariku https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1790-7269
Gidey, Mahari Yihdego https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-4428
Sene, Kelemua Mengesha https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7479-7318
Kassa, Bezawork Ayele
Gebrekidan, Hailay Gebremichael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3129-1221
Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7390-1788
Amogne, Aynaw
Shiferaw, Solomon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9285-1480
Article History
Received: 17 April 2024
Accepted: 20 June 2025
First Online: 31 July 2025
Declarations
:
: This study involved a secondary analysis of deidentified data from the PMA Ethiopia. The PMA Ethiopia survey was conducted strictly after getting Ethical clearance from obtained ethical approval from Bloomberg School of Public Health at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, USA and Addis Ababa University. Informed consent was obtained from respondents during the data collection process of PMA Ethiopia on the baseline data collection on Oct 2019 to Jan 2020. Minors less than 15 years as per the law were not included in this study. Informed verbal consent was take from study participants.
: N/A not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.