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Authors
Mcharo, Onike
Kapesa, Anthony
Materu, Jacqueline
Luwayi, John
Nahay, Fauzia
Basinda, Namanya
Chibwe, Elieza
Okello, Elialilia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical Research Council (MR/T040297/1., MR/T040297/1., MR/T040297/1., MR/T040297/1.)
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Article History
Received: 22 February 2025
Accepted: 27 June 2025
First Online: 12 November 2025
Declarations
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: The original study protocol, tools, and consent/assent forms were reviewed and approved by the independent Tanzanian national ethics committee (Ref: NIMR/HQ/R.8a/Vol.IX/3647) and LSHTM ethics committee (LSHTM Ethics Ref: 22 854). Secondary data analysis study was granted ethical clearance from the joint CUHAS/BMC Research Ethics and Review Committee (CREC/844/2024). All participants provided written informed consent/assent. Head teachers provided overall consent on behalf of adolescents aged below the age of 18 years before they assented. Participants were informed that study participation was voluntary and that they were free to withdraw, without justification, from the study at any time without consequences. Each respondent was assured of confidentiality and privacy during data collection, management, and analysis. Personal data were anonymised using ID numbers, and stored data were stripped of any identifiable information. All methods were carried out in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
