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Authors
Kinyenje, Erick S.
Degeh, Martin M.
Hokororo, Joseph C.
Mwaisengela, Syabo M.
Ngowi, Ruth R.
Nassoro, Omary A.
German, Chrisogone J.
Bahegwa, Radenta P.
Msigwa, Yohanes S.
Musyani, Atuganile
Marandu, Laura E.
Habtu, Michael
Mbise, Jennifer T.
Ismail, Habibu
Masuma, Janeth
Msemwa, Faraja
Muruve, Joanita
Manangwa, Saturini
Msasi, Daudi
Mbelwa, Jimmy
Pembe, Athman
Makuwani, Ahmad M.
Kapologwe, Ntuli A.
Nagu, Tumaini J.
Eliakimu, Eliudi S.
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Article History
Received: 24 December 2024
Accepted: 14 July 2025
First Online: 1 October 2025
Declarations
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: The assessment was considered a programmatic quality improvement activity and did not require formal ethical clearance. However, all standard ethical procedures including voluntary participation, informed consent, and data confidentiality were strictly observed. Prior permission was sought from the Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children (Recently renamed as Ministry of Health) before use of the dataset. The Ministry of Health is a custodian of Health Management Information Systems data including the SRA database. Ethical clearance is not necessary for this type of a study because data were collected in the course of implementing an initiative by the government and hence this analysis aims to give feedback on prevailing circumstances after its successful implementation.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
