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Authors
Ellis, Sonja J https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3502-7724
Egan, Nicholas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0854-7444
Harris, Melissa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5733-9684
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Newcastle + University of Waikato Seed Fund Grant
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Article History
Received: 28 July 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Declarations
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: All data for this project were obtained from the ALSWH (see for further details), approved under their Expression of Interest process (EOI A696) and provided in de-identified form. This project has ongoing ethical clearance from the University of Newcastle and University of Queensland’s Human Research Ethics Committees. Women provided explicit written consent to participate in the ALSWH prior to 2005. From 2005, an ‘opt-out’ consent process was approved by the data custodians and relevant ethics committees for data linkage, with participants regularly reminded of this process.
: Not applicable.
: Melissa L. Harris (one of the co-authors) is an Associate Editor for Reproductive Health. All decisions on this manuscript were made by another senior editor. The authors declare that there are no other competing interests.
