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Authors
Okui, Tasuku
Nakashima, Naoki
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP22K17372)
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Article History
Received: 18 August 2025
Accepted: 16 December 2025
First Online: 27 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Kyushu University Institutional Review Board for Clinical Research (No. 22221-09 and No. 25059). Additionally, informed consent was not required for this study because we used the official statistics data that were provided from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and the National Statistics Center in Japan on the basis of the Statistics Act.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
