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Authors
Misu, Farjana
Rahman, Taslima
Gasbarro, Dominic
Alam, Khurshid
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Article History
Received: 23 May 2024
Accepted: 8 January 2026
First Online: 20 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study used anonymized, secondary data from the 2017–2018 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) and Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS). These datasets are available upon request from the DHS Program after submission of a research purpose statement and approval of data access. All data are de-identified, and no personal identifiers are included. The Murdoch University Human Ethics Committee granted an exemption from ethics review and consent to participate for this study (reference no. 2022/109).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
