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Authors
Luke, Alina A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6273-5219
Gomez, Anu Manchikanti https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9461-4411
Bennett, Ariana H. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6968-9465
Livingston, Melvin D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6327-8910
Sales, Jessica M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1571-8192
Redd, Sara K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2422-8937
Rice, Whitney S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1749-023X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Anonymous Foundation (5255.03)
Anonymous Foundation (5255.03)
Anonymous Foundation (5255.03)
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Article History
Received: 8 August 2025
Accepted: 11 February 2026
First Online: 27 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Committee for Protection of Human Subjects at the University of California, Berkeley (#2021-02-14025) on June 24, 2021, and by the NORC Institutional Review Board (#21-09-468) on November 4, 2021. Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants. For participants who were minors, informed consent was obtained from their guardian, and assent was attained from the participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
