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Authors
Zhang, Jiamin
Fu, Yali
Zhang, Xuening
Chen, Mingsheng
Ba, Lei
Yang, Fan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72174093, 72474109)
the Key Project of Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission (K2024019)
the Project of Jiangsu Provincial Population Society (SRKZD202503)
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Article History
Received: 13 November 2025
Accepted: 6 March 2026
First Online: 10 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Jiangsu Provincial Health Development Research Center (Approval No. SC-08/2023NL11) on November 23, 2023. All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained electronically from all participants. Prior to the survey, participants were informed about the study aims and the measures for ensuring confidentiality. Consent was confirmed via a mandatory question; only those who selected “Yes” to participate could proceed to the survey questions. Participation was voluntary, and respondents could withdraw at any time by closing the browser without any consequence.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
