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Time to initiation of antenatal care and its predictors among pregnant women across 35 sub-Saharan African countries (2011–2024): A multilevel mixed-effects acceleration failure time model of multination population survey data

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-026-02335-8

Published Online: 2026-04-23

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Moloro, Abdulkerim Hassen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6081-4108
Ebrahim, Oumer Abdulkadir
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-04-23

Version of Record valid from 2026-06-09
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Article History

Received: 17 September 2025

Accepted: 11 April 2026

First Online: 23 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study used publicly available Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 35 Sub‑Saharan African countries. The DHS survey procedures were approved by the ICF Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the respective host country IRBs. Formal permission to access the data was obtained from ICF International (AuthLetter_215093) on dated 01/19/2025. As the dataset contains no identifiable information, additional ethical approval was not required.

: Not applicable, as the study used secondary data that does not include personal identifiers.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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