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High folic acid supplementation is associated with vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy in a fetal sex-specific manner: findings from two prospective cohort studies

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-026-02344-7

Published Online: 2026-05-13

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Wang, Hongyan

Leemaqz, Shalem

Smith, Melanie D.

McCullough, Dylan

Arthurs, Anya L.

Jankovic-Karasoulos, Tanja

Dekker, Gustaaf A.

Roberts, Claire T.
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Natural Science Foundation General Project of Shandong Province (ZR2020MH230)

China Scholarship Council (202006225018)

Flinders Foundation

National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT1161079)

National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT1174971)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-05-13

Version of Record valid from 2026-07-08
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Article History

Received: 22 May 2025

Accepted: 19 April 2026

First Online: 13 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for SCOPE was obtained from Central Northern Adelaide Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee (REC 1712/5/2008). Ethics approval for STOP was obtained from The Women’s and Children’s Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/14/WCHN/90). All participants gave written informed consent.

: All authors consent to the publication of the manuscript in Reproductive Health. Participant consent to publish is not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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