Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Kasali, Aishat Temitope https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2337-0518
Ishaleku, David https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5290-8174
Idoko, Benjamin https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8147-3530
Aremu, Stephen Olaide https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7473-7254
Barkhadle, Abdillahi Abdi https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7835-7562
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 18 December 2025
Accepted: 23 May 2026
First Online: 28 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 version). Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research and Ethics Committee of the Nasarawa State Ministry of Health (NHREC Protocol No: 18/06/2017, approval date: 7th March 2025). Written informed consent was obtained from parents or guardians of all participants, and written assent was obtained from students prior to data collection. Participation was voluntary. To ensure confidentiality and anonymity, participants were assigned serial numbers, no personal identifiers were recorded on questionnaires, and data were anonymised before analysis in compliance with the Nigerian Data Protection Regulation (NDPR, 2019).
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
