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Authors
Suliman, Bandar A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0649-3419
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Article History
Received: 5 November 2025
Accepted: 7 January 2026
First Online: 16 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board, General Directorate of Health in Madinah (24–058). The ethics committee formally waived the requirement for informed consent due to the retrospective nature of the study and use of anonymized data, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and local institutional guidelines.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
