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Article History

Received: 12 December 2019

Accepted: 27 May 2020

First Online: 11 June 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Ethical approval for the study was granted by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) Ethics Committee and the University of Zambia Biomedical Ethics Committee (UNZA BREC). Permission to do the study was also granted by the National Health Research Authority and the Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority.Written informed consent was obtained from all participants interviewed and those taking part in FGDs. In case of non-literate participants, a witnessed thumb-printed informed consent was obtained. Additional verbal consent and permission was sought from all individual participants in households before the observations were made. All participants were interviewed from private locations of their choice. To ensure confidentiality, all personal identifying information such as home address and phone numbers were removed from the data transcripts. In addition, names of study communities and participants were also anonymised.

: All participants gave written consent to participate in the study including giving consent to the following statement: `I agree that anonymised direct quotes from the interview, group discussion or observations field notes may be used in the public reporting of findings from this study’.

: The authors declare that there are no competing interests.