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Article History

Received: 30 April 2025

Accepted: 3 July 2025

First Online: 21 July 2025

Declarations

:

: Institutional review board (IRB) approval covering patient data contained in the OPERA database was received from Advarra IRB; a waiver of informed consent and authorization for the use of protected health information for patient data was granted (Pro00023648). The study was conducted in accordance with HIPAA and HITECH requirements, which expand upon the ethical principles detailed in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: KM, RKH, and GP are members of the Epidemiology and Clinical Advisory Board of Epividian. KM has received research grants from Gilead Sciences, Merck, Janssen, and GSK/ViiV Healthcare and honoraria for Speakers Bureau and Advisory Boards from Gilead Sciences, Merck, Janssen and GSK/ViiV Healthcare; and advisory board participation with Epividian. LB, MDO, JSF, and GPF are employed by Epividian, Inc.; Epividian has had research funded by AIDS Healthcare Foundation, EMD Serono, Gilead Sciences, Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Merck & Co., Theratechnologies Inc., and ViiV Healthcare. RKH has received research grants from Gilead Sciences and ViiV Healthcare, speaker honoraria from ViiV Healthcare, Merck and Gilead Sciences, and advisory board participation with ViiV Healthcare, Gilead Sciences and Epividian. GP has received research funding paid to his institution from GSK/ViiV Healthcare, NIH/DAIDS, Gilead Sciences and Precision for Medicine, and is a member of the Epidemiology and Clinical Advisory Board for Epividian. NPM, JG, TL, and MD are employed by Gilead Sciences and hold stock in Gilead Sciences.