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Authors
Mtoro, Mtoro J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0487-0559
Stephano, Elihuruma Eliufoo
Kessy, Sanun Ally
Tibenderana, Jovin R.
Majengo, Victoria Godfrey
Oguma, Erick Donard
Mwalingo, Tegemea Patrick
Kessy, Immaculata P.
Bago, Mussa Hassan
Nyundo, Azan Abubakar
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Article History
Received: 28 May 2025
Accepted: 13 September 2025
First Online: 28 October 2025
Declarations
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: The study is based on the publicly available 2022 TDHS-MIS datasets, which are accessible online and have been de-identified. The initial survey was approved by the National Institute of Medical Research Ethics Committee in Tanzania and the ICF Macro Ethics Committee in Calverton, New York. We obtained permission to use the DHS data from MEASURE Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys after submitting a request outlining our data analysis plan. We downloaded the dataset from the DHS Program’s website upon receiving approval. Informed consent was obtained from participants prior to the interviews. All methods were conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
