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Authors
Mbabazi, Phoebe
Banturaki, Grace
Ssekindi, Faizo
Naikoba, Suzan
Hunt, Peter W.
Greene, Meredith
Cesari, Matteo
Mayanja-Kizza, Harriet
Castelnuovo, Barbara
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
UCSF-Gladstone Center for AIDS Research (P30AI027763)
European Commission (TMA2017GSF-1936)
National Institutes of Health (U01AI069911)
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Article History
Received: 20 August 2025
Accepted: 8 November 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Makerere University School of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee (Mak-SOMREC-2022-336) and the Uganda National Council of Science and Technology (HS2468ES). Approval was also obtained from the Institutional Review Boards of Indiana University (Protocol # 16815) and the University of California, San Francisco (IRB # 22-38234). Administrative clearance to conduct the study was obtained from the IDI. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrolment into the study. All study procedures followed the ethical principles stated in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
