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Article History

Received: 12 September 2025

Accepted: 26 January 2026

First Online: 26 February 2026

Declarations

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: This study complied with institutional ethical standards and the Declaration of Helsinki, with informed consent obtained from all participants. Data are available from the corresponding author upon request. The authors report no financial support or competing interests. All contributed to study design, data collection, analysis, and manuscript writing. The authors acknowledge the support of the Departments of Immunology and Infectious Diseases. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect their institutions’ positions.

: The authors declare no competing interests.