Document is current

Article History

Received: 11 February 2026

Accepted: 16 April 2026

First Online: 16 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: All participants provided written informed consent. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by independent review boards and ethics committees.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors have read the journal's policy on disclosure of competing interests, and the following interests are declared: AA has received research/grant support from Gilead Sciences, Inc., GSK/ViiV Healthcare, MSD, and Roche; travel support from Gilead Sciences, Inc.; and serves as a member of the Committee of Thai AIDS Society; the Strategic and Technical Advisory Group on HIV, Hepatitis and STI for WHO SEARO; and the Thailand National Committee on ART, Hepatitis and TB/TPT. C–CH has received research/grant support, consulting fees, and speaker honoraria from Gilead Sciences, Inc. MLD, SM, HW, and JTH are employees of, and own stocks/shares in, Gilead Sciences, Inc. TL has received support for the present study from Gilead Sciences, Inc.; speaker honoraria from Gilead Sciences, Inc., GSK Pharmaceuticals, and Perkin Elmer; travel support from Gilead Sciences, Inc., GSK Pharmaceuticals, and Sansure Biotech; and is the Chair of the Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases. CLL, SK, and M-PL declare that they have no competing interests.