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Article History

Received: 9 April 2024

Accepted: 16 October 2024

First Online: 23 October 2024

Declarations

:

: The approval of study protocol was obtained from the Human Ethics Committee of the Duzce University (Registry no: 2022/213 dated December 12. 2022). Additionally, written institutional permission was obtained from the institution where the study was conducted. The study was conducted in accordance with the current Declaration of Human Rights of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from participating mothers using an informed consent form explaining the purpose of the study. Participants had the option to withdraw from the study at any time without affecting the health care they received at the antenatal clinic. All data of the participants were kept confidential by the principal investigator and used only for research and scientific purposes.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.