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Authors
Patel, Sunil V.
Ahlin, James
Brennan, Kelly
Nanji, Sulaiman
Merchant, Shaila J.
Lajkosz, Katherine
Brogly, Susan B.
Groome, Patti A.
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Article History
Received: 18 March 2024
Accepted: 17 October 2024
First Online: 26 October 2024
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Research Ethics Board of Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada and the Institutional Review Board at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.
: ICES (formerly the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences) is organization designated a prescribed entity under Sect. 45of Ontario’s Personal Health Information Privacy Act, houses and this enables the use of healthcare data from Ontario residents without acquiring individual consent. The need for informed consent was therefore waived by the aforementioned ethics boards. This manuscript was presented in part in poster format at the Canadian Surgical Forum, September 2018, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
