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Article History

Received: 2 January 2025

Accepted: 25 March 2025

First Online: 3 April 2025

Declarations

:

: This study used data from existing records that were fully anonymized before analysis. Consequently, informed consent was not required from individual participants. The anonymization process ensured that no identifiable personal information was included, maintaining strict confidentiality and privacy. The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University (IRB number: 04–2024-300376). The IRB determined that the study posed minimal risk to participants and justified the waiver of informed consent. By utilizing anonymized records, this study complies with the ethical principles of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. These measures ensure that the rights and welfare of participants were safeguarded throughout the research process.

: NA.

: The authors declare no competing interests.