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Article History

Received: 7 September 2024

Accepted: 25 March 2025

First Online: 3 April 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the regional directorate of the Ghana Health Service in Accra (GHS-ERC037/05/23), and the ethical review board of KNUST (HuSSREC/AP/102/VOL.1).

: Written informed consent was obtained from the parents of early adolescents in this study. Where parents could not sign, they thumb-printed accordingly. After obtaining consent from the parents, early adolescents provided verbal assent to ensure they understood and agreed to participate in the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.