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Article History

Received: 24 May 2024

Accepted: 3 April 2025

First Online: 12 April 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval and consent to participate are not applicable because we used only published data and did not use any personal information. The epidemiological datasets utilized in this study were de-identified and fully anonymized in advance, and the analysis of data with no identifying information did not require ethical approval. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (revised in 2013).

: The authors declare no competing interests.