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Article History

Received: 6 February 2025

Accepted: 1 July 2025

First Online: 9 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The data utilized in this study were sourced from the GBD 2021 Global Health Data Exchange website. Since this research is a secondary analysis of preexisting data, no additional ethical approval or informed consent from human participants was required.

: Not applicable, as this study does not include any individual-level or identifiable data requiring consent for publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.