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Authors
Patel, Cyra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-0445
Cheung, Olivia Y.
Takoar, Rachel
Gauthier-Coles, Chris
Sargent, Ginny M.
Makanga, Esther
Samson, Simon
Guyant, Phillippe
ul Haq, Syed Muhammad Faizan
Vives, Lauro
Sheel, Meru https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5453-070X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Department of Education, Australian Government (Australian Government Research Training Program)
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Article History
Received: 11 March 2025
Accepted: 5 September 2025
First Online: 17 September 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from the Vanuatu Ministry of Health Research Ethics Officer (approved 26 September 2023) and the Australian National University Human Research Ethics Committee (protocol no. 2023/568). The protocol was performed in accordance with the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research in Australia, which adheres to the principles of ethical research conduct as per the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent prior to interviews. Participants were provided with the option to review information sheets and provide written consent in English and Bislama (an English-based pidgin language spoken in Vanuatu). All interviews were conducted in English.
: As part of the informed consent process, participants agreed that the findings would be published in scientific publications and that their quotes may be used in publicly-available reports in a de-identified manner; participants were given the option to decline to be quoted.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
