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Authors
Espinoza Zavaleta, Joshep Jonathan
Kim, Bongkyun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Kangwon National University (2023 Research Grant)
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Article History
Received: 15 July 2025
Accepted: 7 October 2025
First Online: 20 October 2025
Declarations
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: Ethics approval was not required for this study, as it utilized only publicly available secondary data that contained no identifiable personal information. The data used in this study were obtained from the INEI web (). Because the data are de-identified and publicly accessible, participant consent was not required.
: Consent to publication was not required as the study used anonymized secondary data with no identifiable participant information.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
