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Authors
Umar, Lawan
Abdullahi, Umar
Kaka, Bashir
Aliyu, Fauziyya Haruna
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Article History
Received: 11 July 2025
Accepted: 18 October 2025
First Online: 28 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Kano State Ministry of Health Research Ethics Committee (NHREC/17/03/2018). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in a form that requires consent for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
