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Article History

Received: 15 July 2025

Accepted: 28 October 2025

First Online: 1 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Due to the anonymized nature of the presented data, individual participants cannot be identified, thereby precluding any plausible harm or stigmatization. Given the study’s anonymous, observational design, and its non-configurative nature as a clinical trial, preliminary ethical review by an Ethical Committee/Institutional Review Board was deemed unnecessary in accordance with Italian law (Gazzetta Ufficiale no. 76, dated 31/3/2008). Prior to data collection, all participants provided their informed consent for the retrieval of their vaccination history records. The study was conducted in full accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Data analysis was performed internally by the Romagna Local Health Authority (LHA), and all findings are presented in aggregated format.

: As the study presents only anonymized and aggregated data, consent to publish was not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.