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Article History

Received: 6 August 2025

Accepted: 31 October 2025

First Online: 3 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study used publicly available secondary data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, which does not involve human participants, animals, or identifiable personal information. Therefore, ethical approval was not required. Not applicable, as no human participants were directly involved in this study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.