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Article History

Received: 23 July 2025

Accepted: 4 November 2025

First Online: 8 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study used secondary data sourced from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, which has already undergone ethical review. As no primary data were collected, participant consent was not required.

: Not applicable. The data is publicly available and anonymized, ensuring ethical use for research purposes.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.