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Article History

Received: 30 July 2025

Accepted: 7 November 2025

First Online: 17 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study is part of the doctoral thesis of the first author in the Doctorate in Sciences for Development, Sustainability, and Tourism at the University of Guadalajara. The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Academic Board of the doctoral program. At the time of approval, the Centro Universitario de la Costa of the University of Guadalajara did not have a formally established ethics committee; however, the research was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and applicable national regulations.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants for the publication of anonymized data.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.

: The authors declare no competing interests.