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Article History

Received: 18 February 2025

Accepted: 19 November 2025

First Online: 29 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of St. Mary’s University Twickenham, London (United Kingdom). The date of first approval was 15 May 2023, with the approval code SMU_ETHICS_2022-23_273. All participants provided written informed consent before participating in the study. All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committees and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study protocol received approval from the Ethics Committee of St. Mary’s University Twickenham, London (United Kingdom) on 15 May 2023 (Approval code: SMU_ETHICS_2022-23_273). All procedures adhered strictly to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: All authors provided consent for the publication of this manuscript. Participants provided written consent for their anonymized data to be used in the study and publication.

: All participants provided written informed consent before participating in the study.

: The authors declare no competing interests.