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Authors
Azumah, Karim
Abdu-Rauf, Shaibu
Abolga, Alfred Adongo
Mohammed, Alhassan Abdulai
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Article History
Received: 23 June 2025
Accepted: 21 November 2025
First Online: 6 December 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval to utilize the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) 2022 data for this study was obtained from the original data custodians, ICF Macro International and USAID. As this analysis was conducted using publicly available, de-identified secondary data, no additional Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval was required from the authors’ institutions.
: The authors declare no Conflict of interest.
