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Authors
Rahyani, Ni Komang Yuni
Budhi, Ni Gusti Made Ayu Agung
Armini, Ni Wayan
Sulisnadewi, Ni Luh Kompyang
Suardana, I. Wayan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia
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Article History
Received: 27 August 2025
Accepted: 26 November 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
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: Researchers obtained ethical approval from the Denpasar Ministry of Health Polytechnic Ethics Commission in 2023 before data collection with the letter LB.02.03/EA/KEPK/0659/2023. The approval was secured before data collection began, ensuring the study complied with ethical standards regarding participant safety, informed consent, and data confidentiality. Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
