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Authors
Stephano, Elihuruma Eliufoo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9605-3577
Rwegoshola, Kelvin Mutefunya
Mtoro, Mtoro J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0487-0559
Nyundo, Azan Abubakar
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Article History
Received: 15 April 2025
Accepted: 28 November 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study did not require separate ethics approval as it utilized de-identified, publicly available data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). The original GYTS implementation in Tanzania received ethics clearance from the country’s Ministries of Health, and written informed consent was obtained from parents and guardians of all student participants prior to their completion of survey questionnaires. Participants gave verbal and written consent to participate in this study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
