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Article History

Received: 28 July 2025

Accepted: 2 December 2025

First Online: 7 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Review Committee of the Ministry of Health in Oyo State, Nigeria, with the number: NEREC/OYSHRIEC/10/11/22. Permission to access the health facilities was obtained from each local government health facility director. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and followed all institutional and national research guidelines for studies involving human participants. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. All participants were informed about the purpose of the study, confidentiality measures, and their right to withdraw at any time without any negative consequences.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.