Document is current

Article History

Received: 5 June 2025

Accepted: 3 December 2025

First Online: 9 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study utilized publicly available, de-identified data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database. As all data are aggregated and anonymized, institutional review board (IRB) approval and informed consent were not required in accordance with U.S. federal regulations and institutional policies for research using publicly accessible datasets. Not applicable. The study used publicly available, de-identified data, and no human participants were directly involved.

: Not applicable.

: The authors affirm that the submitted manuscript is original and has not been published elsewhere in the same or substantially similar form.

: The authors declare no competing interests.