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Authors
Abdullah, Rebar Yahya
Masiha, Solav Fakher
Mohammed, Hivi Mahdi
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Article History
Received: 25 August 2025
Accepted: 9 December 2025
First Online: 17 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study first received approval from the Nursing Scientific Committee at the University of Duhok, College of Nursing (Approval No: CoN.686, dated 16 December 2024). It was designed and conducted in accordance with the ethical standards and in compliance with the Research Ethics Committee guidelines and regulations of the General Directory of Health in Duhok City under approval number (REC Ref No: 08012025-1-9, dated 8 January 2025). Following institutional approval from the University of Duhok and the participating colleges for data collection, informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
