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Authors
Ireso, Beyene Roba
Estifanos, Abiy Seifu
Mariam, Damen Haile
Chan, Grace J.
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Article History
Received: 9 October 2024
Accepted: 12 December 2025
First Online: 16 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study utilized secondary data and did not involve direct contact with human participants. All analyses were conducted in accordance with relevant ethical guidelines for the use of secondary data. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University. Permission to access and utilize the secondary data was also obtained from the relevant authorities. Since the study used secondary data and involved no direct interaction with human participants, the Research Ethics Committee of the School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University formally waived the requirement for informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
