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Article History

Received: 15 July 2025

Accepted: 14 December 2025

First Online: 17 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Not applicable. However, being part of a large study, the ethics approvals were obtained from the University of the Western Cape in South Africa ( BMREC Reference Number: BM24/9/6 ) and from the National Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee in Malawi ( Approval Number: 4543 ).

: Not applicable. This article is a perspective paper based on secondary data sources from national policy documents. It does not involve human participants or primary data collection.

: Not applicable. No human participants were involved in this study.

: The authors declare no competing interests.