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Authors
Muhammad, Nurudeen
Babandi, Fawaz
Ibrahim, Usman Muhammad
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Article History
Received: 20 July 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 24 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Health Research Ethics Committee of the Jigawa State Ministry of Health, under approval number MOH/SEC/L.S/7074/V1/3V/I, dated 24th was conducted in full compliance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants, and the research strictly followed ethical principles governing studies involving human subjects throughout the data collection process.
: Permission was provided by the Health Research Ethics Committee of the Jigawa State Ministry of Health to publish the findings of this research.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
