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Authors
Asaolu, Stephen Olabode
Kubura, Daradara
Erekosima, Grace
Dauda, Mahfus
Popoola, Grace
Rauf, Rauf
Oni, Morenike
Samuel, Olugbemisola
Ngobua, Stallone
Musa, Yusuf
Mukhtar, Al-Mustapha
Atobatele, Sunday
Sampson, Sidney
Okagbue, Hilary
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
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Article History
Received: 22 May 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 21 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. This study was approved by the National Health Research Ethics Committee (NHREC) of the Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) in Abuja, with approval number NHREC/01/01/2007-31/10/2024. Written and verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study. Participation was voluntary, and confidentiality and anonymity were ensured throughout the research process. All procedures were conducted in accordance with ethical standards and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Consent to participate in the study was obtained from all study participant prior to involvement in the study.
: Additionally, written consent to publish was obtained from the study participants before enrolment in the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
