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Article History

Received: 24 June 2025

Accepted: 19 December 2025

First Online: 27 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the University of Dodoma (UDOM) Institutional Research Review Ethics Committee (IRREC) with the approval letter number UDOM/RP/68/82 dated 29th August 2019 in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional postgraduate guidelines and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments.

: All study respondents were asked to provide written informed consent for their participation in the study after describing to them the advantages, disadvantages, their roles during the study, and their right to withdraw from the study at any time. Written informed consent was obtained from study respondents aged ≥ 18 years or from parents/teachers or legally acceptable representatives for adolescents aged < 18 years as one of the criteria to participate in the study.

: The author of this study declares that there is no and consents to publish this work (Not applicable).

: The authors declare no competing interests.